Thiobenzimidazole derivatives

ABSTRACT

The present invention is a thiobenzimidazole derivative represented by the following formula (1)  
                 
or a medically acceptable salt thereof wherein said thiobenzimidazole derivative and a medically acceptable salt thereof have a potent activity of inhibiting human chymase. Thus, they are potential preventive and/or therapeutic agents clinically applicable to various diseases in which human chymase is involved.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to thiobenzimidazole derivatives represented by the formula (1) and, more specifically, thiobenzimidazole derivatives useful as inhibitors of human chymase activity.

BACKGROUND ART

Chymase is one of the neutral proteases present in mast cell granules, and is deeply involved in a variety of biological processes in which mast cells participate. Various effects have been reported including, for example, the promotion of degranulation from mast cells, the activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the activation of matrix protease, the decomposition of fibronectin and type IV collagen, the promotion of the release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the activation of substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), the conversion of angiotensin I (Ang I) to Ang II, the conversion of endothelin, and the like.

The above indicates that inhibitors of said chymase activity may be promising as preventive and/or therapeutic agents for diseases of respiratory organs such as bronchial asthma, inflammatory/allergic diseases, for example allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria; diseases of circulatory organs, for example sclerosing vascular lesions, intravascular stenosis, disturbances of peripheral circulation, renal failure, and cardiac failure; diseases of bone/cartilage metabolism such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and the like.

As inhibitors of chymase activity, there are known triazine derivatives (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 8-208654); hydantoin derivatives (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-31061); imidazolidine derivatives (PCT Application WO 96/04248); quinazoline derivatives (PCT Application WO 97/11941); heterocyclic amide derivatives (PCT Application WO 96/33974); and the like. However, the structures of these compounds are entirely different from those of the compounds of the present invention.

On the other hand, an art related to the compounds of the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,336. Said specification describes thiobenzimidazole derivatives as having an activity of antagonizing thromboxane receptor. The specification, however, makes no mention of the activity of said compounds to inhibit human chymase.

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide novel compounds that are potential and clinically applicable inhibitors of human chymase.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Thus, after intensive research to attain the above objective, the applicants of the present invention have found the following 1 to 15 and have thereby completed the present invention.

1. A thiobenzimidazole derivative represented by the following formula (1):

wherein,

R¹ and R², simultaneously or independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, or R¹ and R² together form —O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, in which the carbons may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbons;

A represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, in which the substituent represents a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons (the substituents may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond), a linear or branched alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acylamino group having 1 to 6 carbons, a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, an oxo group, or a phenoxy group that may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and in which the substituents may be independently substituted at any one or more sites of the ring or the alkylene group;

E represents COOR³, SO₃R³, CONHR³, SO₂NHR³, a tetrazole group, a 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole group or a 5-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazole group in which R³ represents a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons;

G represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1-6 carbons that may be interrupted with one or a plurality of O, S, SO₂, and NR³, in which R³ is as defined above and the substituent represents a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons (the substituents may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond), a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, or an oxo group;

m represents an integer of 0 to 2;

when m is 0 and A is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, then J represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 9 carbons, a substituted aryl group having 10 to 11 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring;

when m is 0 and A is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, then J represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring; or

when m is 0 and A is a single bond or when m is 1 or 2, then J represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, in which the substituent represents a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons (the substituents may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond), a linear or branched alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acylamino group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted anilide group, a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, an oxo group, a COOR³ group, or a phenoxy group that may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and in which the substituents may be independently substituted at any one or more sites of the ring or the alkylene group; and

X represents CH or a nitrogen atom;

or a medically acceptable salt thereof (hereinafter referred to as “the thiobenzimidazole derivative of the present invention”).

2. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), A is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), A is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), m is 1, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

5. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), m is 2, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

6. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), m is 0, A is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, and J is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 9 carbons, a substituted aryl group having 10 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

7. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), m is 0, A is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, and J is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

8. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), G is —CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂CO—, —CH₂CH₂O—, —CH₂CONH—, —CO—, —SO₂—, —CH₂SO₂—, —CH₂S— or —CH₂CH₂S—, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

9. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), R¹ and R² simultaneously represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, or R¹ and R², independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, a trihalomethyl group, a cyano group, or a hydroxy group, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

10. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), E represents COOH or a tetrazole group, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

11. The Thiobenzimidazole Derivative Characterized in that, in the above formula (1), X represents CH, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

12. A thiobenzimidazole derivative characterized by having an activity of inhibiting human chymase, or a medically acceptable salt thereof.

13. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an at least one thiobenzimidazole derivative or a medically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

14. A pharmaceutical composition which is a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a disease.

15. A preventive and/or therapeutic agent wherein said disease is an inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, a disease of respiratory organs, a disease of circulatory organs, or a disease of bone/cartilage metabolism.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be explained in more detail below.

The above definitions concerning the substituents of the compounds of formula (1) of the present invention are as follows:

R¹ and R², simultaneously or independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, or R¹ and R² together form —O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, in which the carbons may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbons. As the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, there can be mentioned a methyl group, an ethyl group, a (n, i-) propyl group and a (m, i, s, t-) butyl group, and preferably a methyl group may be mentioned. Preferably R¹ and R² simultaneously represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, or R¹ and R², independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons. As the halogen atom, as used herein, there can be mentioned a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and the like, and preferably a chlorine atom and a fluorine atom may be mentioned. As the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, there can be mentioned a methyl group, an ethyl group, a (n, i-) propyl group and a (n, i, t-) butyl group, and preferably a methyl group may be mentioned. As the alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbons, there can be mentioned a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a (n, i-) propyloxy group and a (n, i, s, t-) butyloxy group, and preferably a methoxy group may be mentioned.

A represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring. Preferably, there can be mentioned a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring. As the substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, there can be mentioned a methylene group, an ethylene group, a (m, i-) propylene group and a (n, i, t-) butylene group, and preferably an ethylene group may be mentioned. As the substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons, there can be mentioned a phenylene group, an indenylene group and a naphthylene group etc., and preferably a phenylene group may be mentioned. As the substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, there can be mentioned a pyridilene group, a furanylene group, a thiophenylene group, an imidazolene group, a thiazolene group, a pyrimidilene group, an oxazolene group, an isoxazolene group, a benzphenylene group, a benzimidazolene group, a quinolilene group, an indolene group, a benzothiazolene group and the like, and preferably a pyridilene group, a furanylene group, and a thiophenylene group may be mentioned.

Furthermore, as the substituent, as used herein, there can be mentioned a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons in which the substituent may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond, a linear or branched alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched-acylamino group having 1 to 6 carbons, a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, or a phenoxy group that may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. They may be independently substituted at any one or more sites of the ring or the alkylene group. Specifically, there can be mentioned OH, a chloro group, a bromo group, a nitro group, a methoxy group, a cyano group, a methylenedioxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a (n, i-) propyl group, a (n, i, t-) butyl group, and the like.

As E, there can be mentioned COOR³, SO₃R³, CONHR³, SO₂NHR³, a tetrazole group, a 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole group or a 5-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazole group, and preferably COOR³ or a tetrazole group may be mentioned. As R³ as used herein, there can be mentioned a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, and preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a t-butyl group may be mentioned, and most preferably a hydrogen atom may be mentioned.

G represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons that may be interrupted with one or a plurality of O, S, SO₂, and NR³, in which R³ is as defined above and the substituent represents a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons (the substituents may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond), a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, or an oxo group. Specifically, there can be mentioned —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CO—, —CH₂CH₂O—, CH₂CONH—, —CO—, —SO₂—, —CH₂SO₂—, —CH₂S—, —CH₂CH₂S— and the like, and preferably —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CO— or —CH₂CH₂O— may be mentioned.

m represents an integer of 0 to 2, and preferably 0 or 2 may be mentioned.

When m is 0 and A is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbons, then J represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 9 carbons, a substituted aryl group having 10 to 11 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring. Preferably, a substituted aryl group having 10 to 11 carbons and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring may be mentioned. As the substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, there can be mentioned a (n, i-) propyl group, a (n, i, s, t-) butyl group, a (n, i, ne, t-) pentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. As the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 7 to 9 carbons, there can be mentioned an indenyl group, and as the substituted aryl group having 10 to 11 carbons, there can be mentioned a naphthyl group. As the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, there can be mentioned a pyridyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, an imidazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrimidine group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a benzofurane group, a benzimidazole group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, an indole group, a N-methylindole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzisoxazole group and the like, and preferably a benzothiophenyl group or a N-methylindole group may be mentioned.

When m is 0 and A is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 11 carbons or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, then J represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, and preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring may be mentioned. As the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 11 carbons, there can be mentioned a phenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group and the like, and preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group may be mentioned. As the substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons and as the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 4 to 10 carbons that may contain one or a plurality of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms on the ring, there can be mentioned those described above. As the substituent as used herein, there can be mentioned a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbons (the substituents may be joined to each other at adjacent sites via an acetal bond), a linear or branched alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acyl group having 1 to 6 carbons, a linear or branched acylamino group having 1 to 6 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted anilide group, a trihalomethyl group, a trihalomethoxy group, a phenyl group, or a phenoxy group that may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms. They may be independently substituted at any one or more sites of the ring or the alkyl group. Specifically, there can be mentioned OH, a chloro group, a bromo group, a nitro group, a methoxy group, a cyano group, a methylenedioxy group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a (n, i-) propyl group, a (n, i, s, t-) butyl group, an anilide group and the like.

X represents CH or a nitrogen atom, and preferably CH may be mentioned.

As the compound of formula (1), specifically those described in Tables 1 to 40 are preferred. Most preferred among them are compounds Nos. 37, 50, 63, 64, 65, 84, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 130, 143, 147, 168, 174, 256, 264, 272, 311, 319, 320, 321, 324, 349, 352, 354, 355, 358, 364, 380, 392, 395, 398, 401, 402, 444, 455, 459, 460, 506, 863, 866, and 869.

A1 to A21 and J1 to J85 described in Tables 1 to 40 are the groups shown below, in which E and G are as described above.

TABLE 1 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 1 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 2 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J2 0 CH 3 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J3 0 CH 4 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 5 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J5 0 CH 6 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J6 0 CH 7 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J7 0 CH 8 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J8 0 CH 9 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J9 0 CH 10 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 11 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J11 0 CH 12 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J12 0 CH 13 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J13 0 CH 14 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J14 0 CH 15 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J15 0 CH 16 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J16 0 CH 17 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J17 0 CH 18 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 19 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J19 0 CH 20 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J20 0 CH 21 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J21 0 CH 22 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J22 0 CH 23 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J23 0 CH 24 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J24 0 CH 25 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J25 0 CH

TABLE 2 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 26 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J26 0 CH 27 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J27 0 CH 28 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J28 0 CH 29 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J29 0 CH 30 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J30 0 CH 31 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J31 0 CH 32 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J32 0 CH 33 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J33 0 CH 34 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J34 0 CH 35 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 36 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J36 0 CH 37 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 38 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J38 0 CH 39 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 40 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J40 0 CH 41 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J41 0 CH 42 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J42 0 CH 43 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J43 0 CH 44 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J44 0 CH 45 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J45 0 CH 46 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J46 0 CH 47 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J47 0 CH 48 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J48 0 CH 49 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J49 0 CH 50 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH

TABLE 3 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 51 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J51 0 CH 52 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J52 0 CH 53 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J53 0 CH 54 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J54 0 CH 55 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J55 0 CH 56 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J56 0 CH 57 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J57 0 CH 58 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J58 0 CH 59 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J59 0 CH 60 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J60 0 CH 61 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J61 0 CH 62 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J62 0 CH 63 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 64 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 65 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 66 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J66 0 CH 67 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 68 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J68 0 CH 69 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J69 0 CH 70 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J70 0 CH 71 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 72 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J72 0 CH 73 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J73 0 CH 74 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J74 0 CH 75 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J75 0 CH

TABLE 4 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 76 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J76 0 CH 77 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J77 0 CH 78 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J78 0 CH 79 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J79 0 CH 80 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J80 0 CH 81 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 82 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J2 0 CH 83 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J3 0 CH 84 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 85 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J5 0 CH 86 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J6 0 CH 87 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J7 0 CH 88 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J8 0 CH 89 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J9 0 CH 90 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 91 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J11 0 CH 92 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J12 0 CH 93 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J13 0 CH 94 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J14 0 CH 95 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J15 0 CH 96 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J16 0 CH 97 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J17 0 CH 98 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 99 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J19 0 CH 100 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J20 0 CH

TABLE 5 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 101 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J21 0 CH 102 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J22 0 CH 103 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J23 0 CH 104 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J24 0 CH 105 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J25 0 CH 106 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J26 0 CH 107 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J27 0 CH 108 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J28 0 CH 109 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J29 0 CH 110 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J30 0 CH 111 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J31 0 CH 112 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J32 0 CH 113 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J33 0 CH 114 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J34 0 CH 115 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 116 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J36 0 CH 117 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 118 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J38 0 CH 119 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 120 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J40 0 CH 121 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J41 0 CH 122 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J42 0 CH 123 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J43 0 CH 124 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J44 0 CH 125 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J45 0 CH

TABLE 6 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 126 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J46 0 CH 127 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J47 0 CH 128 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J48 0 CH 129 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J49 0 CH 130 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 131 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J51 0 CH 132 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J52 0 CH 133 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J53 0 CH 134 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J54 0 CH 135 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J55 0 CH 136 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J56 0 CH 137 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J57 0 CH 138 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J58 0 CH 139 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J59 0 CH 140 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J60 0 CH 141 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J61 0 CH 142 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J62 0 CH 143 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 144 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 145 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 146 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J66 0 CH 147 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 148 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J68 0 CH 149 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J69 0 CH 150 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J70 0 CH

TABLE 7 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 151 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 152 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J72 0 CH 153 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J73 0 CH 154 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J74 0 CH 155 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J75 0 CH 156 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J76 0 CH 157 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J77 0 CH 158 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J78 0 CH 159 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J79 0 CH 160 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J80 0 CH 161 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 162 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 163 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 164 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 165 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J21 0 CH 166 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J28 0 CH 167 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 168 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 169 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 170 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J43 0 CH 171 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J46 0 CH 172 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 173 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J54 0 CH 174 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 175 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH

TABLE 8 Com- pound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 176 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 177 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J66 0 CH 178 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 179 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 180 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 181 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 182 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 183 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 184 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J21 0 CH 185 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J28 0 CH 186 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 187 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 188 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 189 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J43 0 CH 190 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J46 0 CH 191 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 192 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J54 0 CH 193 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 194 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 195 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 196 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J66 0 CH 197 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 198 —CH₂CH₂CH₂— A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 199 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 200 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH

TABLE 9 Com- pound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 201 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 202 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 203 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J21 0 CH 204 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J28 0 CH 205 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 206 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 207 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 208 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J43 0 CH 209 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J46 0 CH 210 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 211 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J54 0 CH 212 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 213 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 214 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 215 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J66 0 CH 216 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 217 —OCH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 218 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 219 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 220 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 221 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 222 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 223 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 224 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 225 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH

TABLE 10 Com- pound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 226 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 227 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 228 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 229 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 230 —OCH₂CH₂O— A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 231 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 232 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J4 0 CH 233 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J10 0 CH 234 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J18 0 CH 235 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 236 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 237 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 238 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 239 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 240 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 241 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 242 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 243 OMe OMe A1 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 244 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 245 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 246 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 247 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 248 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 249 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 250 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH

TABLE 11 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 251 F F A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 252 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 N 253 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 N 254 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 N 255 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 N 256 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 257 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 258 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 259 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 N 260 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 261 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 262 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 263 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 264 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 265 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 266 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 267 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 268 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 269 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 270 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 271 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 272 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 273 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 274 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 275 OMe H A1 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH

TABLE 12 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 276 OEt H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 277 OEt H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 278 OEt H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 279 CF3 H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 280 CF3 H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 281 CF3 H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 282 CN H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 283 CN H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 284 CN H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 285 Cl H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 286 Cl H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 287 Cl H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 288 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 289 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 290 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 291 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 292 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 293 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 294 Me Me A2 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 295 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 296 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 297 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 298 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 299 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 300 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH

TABLE 13 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 301 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 302 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 303 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 304 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 305 Me Me A3 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 306 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 307 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J35 0 CH 308 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 309 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 310 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 311 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 312 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 313 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 314 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 315 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 316 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 317 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 318 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 319 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 320 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 321 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 322 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 323 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 324 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 325 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH

TABLE 14 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 326 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 327 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J37 0 N 328 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J39 0 N 329 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 330 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 331 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 332 Me Me A5 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 333 Me Me A5 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 334 Me Me A6 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 335 Me Me A6 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 336 Me Me A7 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 337 Me Me A7 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 338 Me Me A8 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 339 Me Me A8 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 340 Me Me A9 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 341 Me Me A9 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 342 Me Me A10 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 343 Me Me A10 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 344 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 345 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 346 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 347 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 348 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 349 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 350 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH

TABLE 15 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 351 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 352 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 353 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 354 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 355 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 356 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 357 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 358 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 359 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 360 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 361 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J37 0 N 362 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J39 0 N 363 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J50 0 N 364 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 365 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 366 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 367 Me Me A12 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 368 Me Me A12 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 369 Me Me A13 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 370 Me Me A13 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 371 Me Me A14 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 372 Me Me A14 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 373 Me Me A15 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 374 Me Me A15 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 375 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH

TABLE 16 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 376 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 377 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 378 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 379 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 380 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 381 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 382 Me Me A16 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 383 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 384 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 385 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 386 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 387 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 388 H H A16 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 389 Me Me A17 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 390 Me Me A17 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 391 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 392 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 393 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 394 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 395 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 396 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 397 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 398 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 399 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 400 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH

TABLE 17 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 401 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 402 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 403 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 404 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 405 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 406 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 407 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 408 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 N 409 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J39 0 N 410 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 411 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 412 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 413 Me H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 414 Me H A18 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 415 Me H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 416 Me H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 417 Me H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 418 OMe H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 419 OMe H A18 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 420 OMe H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 421 OMe H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 422 OMe H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 423 OEt H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 424 OEt H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 425 OEt H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH

TABLE 18 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 426 CF3 H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 427 CF3 H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 428 CF3 H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 429 CN H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 430 CN H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 431 CN H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 432 F H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 433 F H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 434 F H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 435 Cl H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 0 N 436 Cl H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 437 Cl H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 438 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 0 N 439 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 440 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 441 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 442 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH 443 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 444 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 445 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 446 Me Me A19 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 447 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J1 0 CH 448 H H A19 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 449 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J37 0 CH 450 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J39 0 CH

TABLE 19 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 451 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J50 0 CH 452 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 453 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 454 H H A19 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 455 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 456 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 457 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 458 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 459 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 460 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 461 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 462 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 463 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 464 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 465 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 466 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 467 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 468 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 469 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 N 470 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 N 471 Me H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 472 Me H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 473 Me H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 474 Me H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 475 OMe H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH

TABLE 20 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 476 OMe H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 477 OMe H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 478 OMe H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 479 OEt H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 480 OEt H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 481 OEt H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 482 OEt H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 483 F H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 484 F H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 485 F H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 486 F H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 487 CF3 H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 488 CF3 H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 489 CF3 H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 490 CF3 H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 491 CN H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 CH 492 CN H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH 493 CN H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 CH 494 CN H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 CH 495 Cl H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 0 N 496 Cl H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 0 N 497 Cl H A20 COOH CH₂ J67 0 N 498 Cl H A20 COOH CH₂ J71 0 N 499 H H A21 COOH CH₂ J63 0 CH 500 H H A21 COOH CH₂ J65 0 CH

TABLE 21 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 501 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 502 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 503 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 504 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J50 0 CH 505 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J62 0 CH 506 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 507 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 508 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 509 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 0 CH 510 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 511 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 512 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J50 0 CH 513 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J62 0 CH 514 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 515 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 516 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 517 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 518 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 519 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J67 0 CH 520 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 521 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 522 H H A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 523 H H A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 524 H H A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 525 H H A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH

TABLE 22 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 526 H H A4 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 527 H H A11 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 528 H H A11 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 529 H H A11 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 530 H H A11 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 531 H H A11 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 532 H H A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 533 H H A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 534 H H A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 535 H H A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 536 H H A18 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 537 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 538 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 539 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 540 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 541 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 542 H H A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J37 0 CH 543 H H A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J39 0 CH 544 H H A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J63 0 CH 545 H H A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J64 0 CH 546 H H A20 COOH CH₂CH₂ J65 0 CH 547 Me Me A1 COOH CO J1 0 CH 548 Me Me A1 COOH CO J63 0 CH 549 H H A1 COOH CO J1 0 CH 550 H H A1 COOH CO J63 0 CH

TABLE 23 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 551 Me Me A4 COOH CO J1 0 CH 552 Me Me A4 COOH CO J63 0 CH 553 H H A4 COOH CO J1 0 CH 554 H H A4 COOH CO J63 0 CH 555 H H A11 COOH CO J1 0 CH 556 H H A11 COOH CO J63 0 CH 557 H H A18 COOH CO J1 0 CH 558 H H A18 COOH CO J63 0 CH 559 H H A20 COOH CO J1 0 CH 560 H H A20 COOH CO J63 0 CH 561 Me Me A1 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 562 Me Me A1 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 563 H H A1 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 564 H H A1 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 565 H H A4 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 566 H H A4 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 567 H H A11 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 568 H H A11 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 569 H H A18 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 570 H H A18 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 571 H H A20 COOH SO₂ J1 0 CH 572 H H A20 COOH SO₂ J63 0 CH 573 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J1 0 CH 574 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J2 0 CH 575 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J3 0 CH

TABLE 24 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 576 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J4 0 CH 577 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J5 0 CH 578 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J6 0 CH 579 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J7 0 CH 580 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J8 0 CH 581 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J9 0 CH 582 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J10 0 CH 583 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J11 0 CH 584 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J12 0 CH 585 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J13 0 CH 586 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J17 0 CH 587 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J18 0 CH 588 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J19 0 CH 589 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J23 0 CH 590 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J24 0 CH 591 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J25 0 CH 592 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J36 0 CH 593 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J47 0 CH 594 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J57 0 CH 595 H H A1 COOH CH₂CO J62 0 CH 596 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J1 0 CH 597 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J2 0 CH 598 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J3 0 CH 599 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J4 0 CH 600 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J5 0 CH

TABLE 25 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 601 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J6 0 CH 602 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J7 0 CH 603 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J8 0 CH 604 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J9 0 CH 605 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J10 0 CH 606 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J11 0 CH 607 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J12 0 CH 608 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J13 0 CH 609 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J17 0 CH 610 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J18 0 CH 611 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J19 0 CH 612 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J23 0 CH 613 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J24 0 CH 614 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J25 0 CH 615 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J36 0 CH 616 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J47 0 CH 617 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J57 0 CH 618 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CO J62 0 CH 619 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J1 0 CH 620 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J2 0 CH 621 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J3 0 CH 622 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J4 0 CH 623 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J5 0 CH 624 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J6 0 CH 625 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J7 0 CH

TABLE 26 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 626 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J8 0 CH 627 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J9 0 CH 628 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J10 0 CH 629 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J11 0 CH 630 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J12 0 CH 631 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J13 0 CH 632 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J14 0 CH 633 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J15 0 CH 634 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J16 0 CH 635 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J17 0 CH 636 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J18 0 CH 637 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J19 0 CH 638 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J20 0 CH 639 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J21 0 CH 640 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J22 0 CH 641 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J23 0 CH 642 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J24 0 CH 643 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J25 0 CH 644 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J26 0 CH 645 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J27 0 CH 646 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J28 0 CH 647 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J29 0 CH 648 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J30 0 CH 649 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J31 0 CH 650 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J32 0 CH

TABLE 27 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 651 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J33 0 CH 652 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J34 0 CH 653 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J35 0 CH 654 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J37 0 CH 655 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J39 0 CH 656 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J62 0 CH 657 H H A1 COOH CH₂CONH J63 0 CH 658 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J1 0 CH 659 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J2 0 CH 660 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J3 0 CH 661 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J4 0 CH 662 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J5 0 CH 663 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J6 0 CH 664 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J7 0 CH 665 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J8 0 CH 666 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J9 0 CH 667 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J10 0 CH 668 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J11 0 CH 669 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J12 0 CH 670 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J13 0 CH 671 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J14 0 CH 672 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J15 0 CH 673 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J16 0 CH 674 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J17 0 CH 675 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J18 0 CH

TABLE 28 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 676 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J19 0 CH 677 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J20 0 CH 678 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J21 0 CH 679 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J22 0 CH 680 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J23 0 CH 681 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J24 0 CH 682 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J25 0 CH 683 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J26 0 CH 684 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J27 0 CH 685 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J28 0 CH 686 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J29 0 CH 687 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J30 0 CH 688 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J31 0 CH 689 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J32 0 CH 690 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J33 0 CH 691 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J34 0 CH 692 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J35 0 CH 693 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J37 0 CH 694 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J39 0 CH 695 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J62 0 CH 696 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CONH J63 0 CH 697 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J1 0 CH 698 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J2 0 CH 699 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J3 0 CH 700 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J4 0 CH

TABLE 29 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 701 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J5 0 CH 702 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J6 0 CH 703 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J7 0 CH 704 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J8 0 CH 705 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J9 0 CH 706 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J10 0 CH 707 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J11 0 CH 708 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J12 0 CH 709 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J13 0 CH 710 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J14 0 CH 711 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J15 0 CH 712 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J16 0 CH 713 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J17 0 CH 714 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J18 0 CH 715 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J19 0 CH 716 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J20 0 CH 717 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J21 0 CH 718 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J22 0 CH 719 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J23 0 CH 720 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J24 0 CH 721 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J25 0 CH 722 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J26 0 CH 723 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J27 0 CH 724 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J28 0 CH 725 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J29 0 CH

TABLE 30 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 726 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J30 0 CH 727 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J31 0 CH 728 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J32 0 CH 729 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J33 0 CH 730 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J34 0 CH 731 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J35 0 CH 732 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J37 0 CH 733 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J39 0 CH 734 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J62 0 CH 735 H H A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J63 0 CH 736 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J1 0 CH 737 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J2 0 CH 738 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J3 0 CH 739 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J4 0 CH 740 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J5 0 CH 741 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J6 0 CH 742 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J7 0 CH 743 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J8 0 CH 744 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J9 0 CH 745 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J10 0 CH 746 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J11 0 CH 747 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J12 0 CH 748 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J13 0 CH 749 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J14 0 CH 750 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J15 0 CH

TABLE 31 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 751 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J15 0 CH 752 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J16 0 CH 753 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J17 0 CH 754 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J18 0 CH 755 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J19 0 CH 756 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J20 0 CH 757 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J21 0 CH 758 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J22 0 CH 759 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J23 0 CH 760 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J24 0 CH 761 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J25 0 CH 762 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J26 0 CH 763 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J27 0 CH 764 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J28 0 CH 765 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J29 0 CH 766 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J30 0 CH 767 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J31 0 CH 768 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J32 0 CH 769 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J33 0 CH 770 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J34 0 CH 771 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J35 0 CH 772 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J37 0 CH 773 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J39 0 CH 774 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J62 0 CH 775 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂O J63 0 CH

TABLE 32 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 776 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J1 0 CH 777 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J2 0 CH 778 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J3 0 CH 779 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J4 0 CH 780 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J8 0 CH 781 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J9 0 CH 782 H H A1 COOH CH₂S J10 0 CH 783 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J1 0 CH 784 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J2 0 CH 785 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J3 0 CH 786 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J4 0 CH 787 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J8 0 CH 788 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J9 0 CH 789 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂S J10 0 CH 790 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J1 0 CH 791 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J2 0 CH 792 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J3 0 CH 793 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J4 0 CH 794 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J8 0 CH 795 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J9 0 CH 796 H H A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J10 0 CH 797 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J1 0 CH 798 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J2 0 CH 799 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J3 0 CH 800 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J4 0 CH

TABLE 33 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 801 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J8 0 CH 802 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J9 0 CH 803 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂SO₂ J10 0 CH 804 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J81 0 CH 805 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J82 0 CH 806 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J83 0 CH 807 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J84 0 CH 808 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J85 0 CH 809 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J81 0 CH 810 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J82 0 CH 811 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J83 0 CH 812 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J84 0 CH 813 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J85 0 CH 814 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 1 CH 815 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J1 1 CH 816 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 817 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 818 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 819 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 820 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 821 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 822 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 823 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 824 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 825 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH

TABLE 34 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 826 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 827 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 828 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 829 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 830 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 831 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 832 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 833 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 834 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 835 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 836 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 837 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 838 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 839 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 840 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 841 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 842 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 843 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 844 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 845 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 846 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 847 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 848 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 849 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 850 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH

TABLE 35 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 851 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 852 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J37 1 CH 853 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J39 1 CH 854 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J50 1 CH 855 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J63 1 CH 856 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 1 CH 857 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 1 CH 858 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂CH₂ J1 2 CH 859 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J1 2 CH 860 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 861 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J39 2 CH 862 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J50 2 CH 863 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 864 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 865 Me Me A1 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 866 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 867 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 2 CH 868 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 2 CH 869 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 870 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 871 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 872 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 873 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J39 2 CH 874 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J50 2 CH 875 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH

TABLE 36 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 876 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 877 Cl Cl A1 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 878 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 2 N 879 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J39 2 N 880 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J50 2 N 881 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 2 N 882 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 2 N 883 H H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 2 N 884 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 885 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 886 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 887 Me H A1 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 888 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 889 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 890 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 891 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 892 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 893 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 894 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 895 Me Me A4 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 896 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 897 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 898 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 899 Cl Cl A4 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 900 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J37 2 N

TABLE 37 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 901 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J63 2 N 902 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J64 2 N 903 H H A4 COOH CH₂ J65 2 N 904 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 905 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 906 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 907 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 908 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 909 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 910 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 911 Me Me A11 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 912 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 913 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 914 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 915 Cl Cl A11 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 916 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J37 2 N 917 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J63 2 N 918 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J64 2 N 919 H H A11 COOH CH₂ J65 2 N 920 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 921 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 922 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 923 Me Me A18 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 924 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 925 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH

TABLE 38 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 926 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 927 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 928 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 929 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 930 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 931 Cl Cl A18 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 932 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J37 2 N 933 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J63 2 N 934 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J64 2 N 935 H H A18 COOH CH₂ J65 2 N 936 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 937 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 938 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 939 Me Me A20 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 940 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 941 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 942 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 943 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 944 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J37 2 CH 945 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J63 2 CH 946 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J64 2 CH 947 Cl Cl A20 COOH CH₂ J65 2 CH 948 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J37 2 N 949 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J63 2 N 950 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J64 2 N

TABLE 39 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 951 H H A20 COOH CH₂ J65 2 N 952 Me Me A1 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 953 Me Me A1 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 954 Me Me A1 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 955 Me Me A1 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 956 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 957 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 958 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 959 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 960 Cl Cl A1 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 961 Cl Cl A1 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 962 Cl Cl A1 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 963 Cl Cl A1 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 964 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 N 965 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 N 966 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 N 967 H H A1 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 N 968 H H A4 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 969 H H A4 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 970 H H A4 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 971 H H A4 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 972 H H A18 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 973 H H A18 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 974 H H A18 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 975 H H A18 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH

TABLE 40 Compound No. R¹ R² SCH₂-A E G J m X 976 Me Me A19 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 977 Me Me A19 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 978 Me Me A19 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 979 Me Me A19 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 980 H H A19 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 981 H H A19 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 982 H H A19 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 983 H H A19 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 984 Me Me A20 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 985 Me Me A20 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 986 Me Me A20 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 987 Me Me A20 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH 988 H H A20 tetrazol CH₂ J37 0 CH 989 H H A20 tetrazol CH₂ J63 0 CH 990 H H A20 tetrazol CH₂ J64 0 CH 991 H H A20 tetrazol CH₂ J65 0 CH

The thiobenzimidazole derivative (1) of the present invention in which E is COOH and m is 0 can be prepared by the synthetic method (A) or (B) shown below:

Synthetic Method (A)

wherein Z represents a halogen, R¹, R², R³, A, G, J, and X are as defined above.

Thus, the nitro group of a 2-nitroaniline derivative (a1) is reduced to give an orthophenylene diamine (a2). CS₂ is reacted with this diamine to produce a compound (a3), with which a halide ester derivative (a4) is reacted to obtain (a5). A halide derivative (a6) is reacted therewith to obtain (a7), which is hydrolyzed to yield a benzimidazole derivative (a8) of the present invention.

The reduction of the nitro group may be carried out under a standard condition for catalytic reduction. For example, a reaction is carried out with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst such as Pd—C at a temperature of room temperature to 100° C. Alternatively, a method of treatment using zinc or tin under an acidic condition, or a method of using zinc powder at a neutral or alkaline condition can be used.

The reaction of an orthophenylene diamine derivative (a2) with CS₂ may be carried out using, for example, a method as described in J. Org. Chem. 19: 631-637, 1954, or J. Med. Chem. 36: 1175-1187, 1993 (EtOH solution).

The reaction of a thiobenzimidazole (a3) and a halide ester (a4) may be carried out according to the condition of the conventional S-alkylation, for example in the presence of a base such as NaH, Et₃N, NaOH, or K₂CO₃ at a temperature of 0° C. to 200° C. under stirring.

The reaction of a thiobenzimidazole (a5) and a halide derivative (a6) may be carried out according to the condition for the conventional N-alkylation or N-acylation, for example in the presence of a base such as NaH, Et₃N, NaOH, or K₂CO₃ at a temperature of 0° C. to 200° C. under stirring.

As the elimination reaction of the carboxy protecting group R³, preferably a method of hydrolysis is employed using an alkali such as lithium hydroxide or an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.

Synthetic Method (B)

Thus, the amino group of a 2-nitroaniline derivative (a1) can be protected with L to give (b1). A halide derivative (a6) is reacted therewith to obtain (b2), from which L is deprotected to obtain (b3). The nitro group of (b3) is reduced to obtain an orthophenylene diamine derivative (b4). CS₂ is reacted therewith to yield a compound (b5), with which a halide ester derivative (a4) is reacted to obtain (a7) which may be hydrolyzed to yield a benzimidazole derivative of the present invention. Alternatively, it is also possible to obtain a compound (b3) directly by allowing the 2-nitroaniline derivative (a1) as it is unprotected to be reacted to a halide derivative (a6) or an aldehyde derivative (b6). AS the protecting group L, there can be mentioned a trifluoroacetic acetyl group, an acetyl group, a t-butoxycarbonyl group, a benzyl group, and the like. The reaction of the 2-nitroaniline derivative (a1) and the aldehyde derivative (b6) may be carried out according to the conditions of the conventional reductive amination using a reducing agent such as a complex hydrogen compound, for example LiAlH₄, NaBH₄, NaB₃CN, NaBH(OAc)₃, etc. or diborane, in a solvent such as ethanol, methanol, and dichloromethane at a temperature condition of 0° C. to 200° C. The other reactions may be carried out as in the Synthetic method (A).

The thiobenzimidazole derivative (1) of the present invention in which E is COOH, m is 0, and G is an amide bond can be prepared by the synthetic method (C) shown below:

Synthetic Method (C)

wherein Q represents a methylene group, a phenylene group, etc., and Z represents a halogen. R¹, R², R³, A, J, and X are as defined above, provided that R³ is a protecting group such as an ethyl group, a methyl group, etc. inactive in an acid.

Thus, a tert-butyl ester halide derivative (c1) is reacted with a thiobenzimidazole compound (a5) to obtain a compound (c2), which is subjected to hydrolysis under an acidic condition to yield (c3). An amine derivative (c4) is reacted therewith to yield (c5), which is subjected to hydrolysis to obtain the benzimidazole derivative of the present invention.

The condensation amidation may be carried out by a conventional method using a condensing agent. As the condensing agent, there can be mentioned DCC, DIPC, EDC═WSCI, WSCI.HCl, BOP, DPPA, etc., which may be used alone or in combination with HONSu, HOBt, HOOBt, etc. The reaction may be carried out in a appropriate solvent such as THF, chloroform, t-butanol, etc. at a temperature condition of 0° C. to 200° C. The other reactions may be carried out as in the Synthetic method (A).

The thiobenzimidazole derivative (1) of the present invention in which E is COOH, m is 0, and G is an ether bond can be prepared by the synthetic method (D) shown below:

Synthetic Method (D)

wherein Z represents a halogen, R¹, R², R³, A, J, and X are as defined above.

Thus, a thiobenzimidazole compound (a5) is reacted with, for example, a halide alcohol derivative (d1) to yield a compound (d2). A phenol derivative (d3) is reacted therewith to yield an ether (d4), which is subjected to hydrolysis to yield a benzimidazole derivative (a8) of the present invention.

The etherification may be carried out using a phosphine compound such as triphenyl phosphine and tributyl phosphine and an azo compound such as DEAD and TMAD in a suitable solvent such as N-methylmorpholine and THF at a temperature of 0° C. to 200° C. in a Mitsunobu reaction or a related reaction thereof. The other reactions may be carried out as in the Synthetic method (A).

The thiobenzimidazole derivative (1) of the present invention in which E is a tetrazole and m is 0 can be prepared by the synthetic method (E) shown below:

Synthetic Method (E)

wherein R¹, R², A, G, J, and X are as defined above.

A nitrile (e1) is reacted with various azi compounds to be converted to a tetrazole (e2).

AS the azi compound, there can be mentioned a trialkyltin azide compound such as trimethyltin azide, and hydrazoic acid or an ammonium salt thereof. When an organic tin azide compound is used, 1-4 fold molar amount is used relative to the compound (e1). When hydrazoic acid or an ammonium salt thereof is used, 1-5 fold molar amount of sodium azide or a tertiary amine such as ammonium chloride and triethylamine may be used relative to the compound (e1). Each reaction may be carried out at temperature of 0° C. to 200° C. in a solvent such as toluene, benzene and DMF.

The thiobenzimidazole derivative (1) of the present invention in which m is 1 or 2 can be prepared by the synthetic method (F) shown below:

Synthetic Method (F)

wherein R¹, R², R³, A, G, J, and X are as defined above.

Thus, a thiobenzimidazole compound (a7) may be reacted with a peroxide compound in a suitable medium to yield a sulfoxide derivative (f1) and/or a sulfone derivative (f2). As the peroxide compound used, there can be mentioned perbenzoic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, hydrogeny peroxide, and the like, and as the solvent used, there can be mentioned chloroform, dichloromethane, and the like. The ratio of the compound (a7) to the peroxide compound used is selected from, but not limited to, a broad range as appropriate, and generally 1.2 to 5 fold molar amount, for example, may be preferably used. Each reaction is carried out generally at about 0 to 50° C., and preferably at 0° C. to room temperature, and is generally complete in about 4-20 hours.

The benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention can be converted, as needed, to medically acceptable non-toxic cation salts. As such a salt, there can be mentioned an alkali metal ion such as Na⁺ and K⁺; an alkaline earth metal ion such as Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺; a metal ion such as Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺; or an organic base such as ammonia, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, propanediamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperadine, pyridine, lysine, choline, ethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, 4-hydroxypiperidine, glucosamine, and N-methylglucamine. Among them, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, lysine, choline, N,N-dimethylethanolamine and N-methylglucamine are preferred.

The benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention inhibit human chymase activity. Specifically, their IC50 is not greater than 1000, preferably not smaller than 0.01 and less than 1000, and more preferably not smaller than 0.05 and less than 500. The benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention having such excellent inhibitory action on human chymase can be used as clinically applicable preventive and/or therapeutic agents for various diseases.

The benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention can be administered as pharmaceutical compositions together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers by oral or parenteral routes after being shaped into various dosage forms. As the parenteral administration, there can be mentioned intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, percutaneous, rectal, nasal, and eye drop administration.

Dosage forms for said pharmaceutical compositions include the following. For example, in the case of oral administration, there can be mentioned dosage forms such as tablets, pills, granules, powders, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and capsules.

As used herein, tablets are shaped by a conventional method using a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an excipient, a binder, and a disintegrant. Pills, granules, and powders can also be shaped by a conventional method using an excipient etc. Solutions, suspensions, and syrups may be shaped by a conventional method using glycerin esters, alcohols, water, vegetable oils, and the like. Capsules can be shaped by filling a granule, a powder, and a solution into a capsule made of gelatin etc.

Among the parenteral preparations, those for intravenous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular administration can be administered as an injection. As injections, a benzoic acid derivative is dissolved in a water soluble liquid such as physiological saline, or in a non-water soluble liquid comprising an organic ester such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and a vegetable oil.

In the case of percutaneous administration, dosage forms such as ointments and creams can be used. Ointments can be prepared by mixing a benzoic acid derivative with a fat or lipid, vaseline, etc., and creams can be prepared by mixing a benzoic acid derivative with an emulsifier.

In the case of rectal administration, gelatin soft capsules can be used to prepare suppositories.

In the case of nasal administration, they can be used as a formulation comprising a liquid or powder composition. As the base for liquid formulations, water, saline, a phosphate buffer, an acetate buffer etc. can be used, and furthermore they may include a surfactant, an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a preservative, and a thickening agent. As the base for powder formulations, there can be mentioned polyacrylic acid salts that are readily solubule in water, cellulose lower alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, amylose, pullulan, etc. that are water-absorptive, or celluloses, starches, proteins, gums, crosslinked vinyl polymers, etc. that are hardly water-soluble, and preferably they are water-absorptive. Alternatively, they may be combined. Furthermore, for powder formulations, an antioxidant, a colorant, a preservative, a disinfectant, a corrigent, etc. can be added. Such liquid formulations and powder formulations can be administered using, for example, a spraying device etc.

For eye drop administration, they can be used as aqueous or non-aqueous eye drops. For the aqueous eye drops, sterile purified water, physiological saline etc. can be used as a solvent. When sterile purified water is used as the solvent, a suspending agent such as a surfactant and a polymer thickener may be added to prepare an aqueous eye drop suspension. Alternatively, a solubilizing agent such as a nonionic surfactant may be added to prepare a soluble eye drop solution. The non-aqueous eye drop can use a non-aqueous solvent for injection as a solvent, and can be used as a non-aqueous eye drop solution.

In the case where administration to the eye is performed by a method other than the eye drop, dosage forms such as an eye ointment, an application solution, an epipastic, and an insert can be used.

In the case of nasal or oral inhalation, they are inhaled as a solution or a suspension of the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention with a commonly used pharmaceutical excipient using, for example, an aerosol spray for inhalation, etc. Alternatively, the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention in a lyophilized powder form can be administered to the lung using an inhaling device that permits direct contact to the lung.

To such various formulations, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers such as an isotonic agent, a preservative, a disinfectant, a wetting agent, a buffering agent, an emulsifier, a dispersant, a stabilizer, etc. can be added as needed.

To these formulations, blending of an antimicrobial agent, a treatment such as filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, heating, radiation, etc. can be carried out for sterilization. Alternatively, sterile solid formulations can be prepared, which may be used by dissolving or suspending them in an appropriate sterile solution immediately prior to use.

The dosages of the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention vary depending on the type of diseases, route of administration, the condition, age, sex, body weight etc. of the patient, but they are generally in the range of about 1 to 500 mg/day/patient for oral administration, and preferably 1 to 300 mg/day/patient. In the case of parenteral administration such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, percutaneous, rectal, nasal, eye drop, and inhalation administration, they are about 0.1 to 100 mg/day/patient, and preferably 0.3 to 30 mg/day/patient.

When the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention are used as a preventive agent, they can be administered according to a known method depending on each condition.

As the target diseases for the preventive and/or therapeutic agents of the present invention, there can be mentioned, for example, diseases of respiratory organs such as bronchial asthma, inflammatory/allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria; diseases of circulatory organs such as sclerosing vascular lesions, intravascular stenosis, disturbances of peripheral circulation, renal failure, and cardiac failure; diseases of bone/cartilage metabolism such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to Preparation Examples, Working Examples, and Test Examples. It should be noted, however, that these examples do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Reference Example 1 Preparation of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-thiol

To 5,6-dimethylorthophenylene diamine (4.5 g, 33 mmol) in pyridine (40 ml) was added carbon disulfide (40 ml, 0.66 mol). The resulting solution was heated to reflux under stirring for 18 hours, to which was added water, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying the ethyl acetate phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, it was concentrated, and dried under reduced pressure at 80° C. for 6 hours to obtain the title compound (4.1 g, yield 70%).

Reference Example 2 Preparation of 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester

To the resulting 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-thiol (89 mg, 0.50 mmol) in dimethylformamide (2 ml), triethylamine (84 μl, 0.6 mmol) and 2-bromomethyl benzoic acid methyl ester (137 mg, 0.6 mmol) were added. After the resulting solution was stirred at 80° C. for 1.5 hours, water was added, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying the ethyl acetate phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to obtain the title compound (146 mg, yield 90%). The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=326.11; measured (M+H)⁺=327.2.

Reference Example 3

In a similar manner to Reference Example 2, the following compounds were synthesized. The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

3-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Calculated M=341.12; found (M+H)⁺=342.2.

2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)furane-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=316.09; found (M+H)⁺=317.2.

3-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)thiphene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=332.07; found (M+H)⁺=333.2.

2-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)benzoic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=298.08; found (M+H)⁺=299.2.

3-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Calculated M=313.09; found (M+H)⁺=314.2.

3-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=304.03; found (M+H)⁺=305.2.

2-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)furane-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=288.06; found (M+H)⁺=289.2.

4-benzimidazole-2-ylthiobutanoic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=264.09; found (M+H)⁺=265.2.

2-((5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)-5-chlorobenzoic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=399.96; found (M+H)⁺=401.2.

2-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)-5-chlorobenzoic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=332.04; found (M+H)⁺=333.2.

4-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)butanoic acid ethyl ester

Calculated M=292.12; found (M+H)⁺=293.40.

2-((5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=366.00; found (M+H)⁺=367.0.

2-((5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester

Calculated M=366.99; found (M+H)⁺=368.0.

Example 1 Preparation of Compound No. 143

Sodium hydride (11 mg, 0.306 mmol) and 2 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added to a previously dried reaction vessel. To the mixture were added 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (50 mg, 0.153 mmol) and 1-chloromethylnaphthalene (69 μl, 0.459 mmol), which was then stirred at 60° C. for 45 minutes. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying the ethyl acetate phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain 2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(1-naphthylmethyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (yield 32%).

To 2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(1-naphthylmethyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (23 mg, 0.08 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) and methanol (0.5 ml), 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.25 ml) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, 6N hydrochloric acid was added to stop the reaction, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate phase was washed with saturated saline, and then dried in anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (24 mg, yield quantitative).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=452.16; found (M+H)⁺=453.2.

Example 2

In a similar manner to Working Example 1, the compounds in Tables 41 to 45 were synthesized using the compounds in Reference Examples 2 or 3 and various halide derivatives. The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS. TABLE 41 Recovery Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ (overall) % 390 406.14 407.2 29 391 422.11 423.2 16 315 417.15 418.2 32 376 406.14 407.2 25 333 417.15 418.2 6 82 416.16 417.2 12 83 416.16 417.2 9 84 416.16 417.2 33 97 432.15 433.2 18 98 432.15 433.2 26 99 432.15 433.2 8 94 470.13 471.2 14 95 470.13 471.2 10 96 470.13 471.2 13 100 486.12 487.2 26 101 486.12 487.2 8 85 420.13 421.2 9 86 420.13 421.0 12 87 420.13 421.2 44 88 436.10 437.2 42 89 436.10 437.2 40 90 436.10 437.2 28 91 480.07 481.0 12 103 427.14 428.2 12 104 427.14 428.2 6 105 427.14 428.2 11 784 434.11 435.2 36

TABLE 42 Recovery Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ (overall) % 787 468.07 469.2 31 112 418.14 419.2 40 141 480.12 481.0 72 138 494.17 495.2 34 135 446.13 447.2 19 137 478.17 479.2 6 143 452.16 453.2 35 142 452.16 453.0 30 139 428.16 429.4 22 140 458.20 459.2 5 63 424.12 425.2 25 311 453.15 454.5 21 115 430.17 431.5 68 116 430.17 431.5 52 117 430.17 431.5 41 118 430.17 431.5 56 125 462.16 463.0 59 126 462.16 463.0 25 128 492.17 493.0 27 134 446.13 447.0 34 108 446.17 447.0 75 107 446.17 447.0 57 119 470.06 471.0 36 120 470.06 471.0 57 121 470.06 471.0 60 122 470.06 471.0 37 123 430.17 431.3 57

TABLE 43 Recovery Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ (overall) % 124 462.16 463.3 67 127 462.16 463.3 62 129 446.17 447.3 47 130 446.17 447.3 40 319 425.12 426.3 30 506 466.17 467.2 16 505 466.17 467.0 14 93 480.07 481.0 45 136 478.17 479.2 60 37 402.14 403.4 25 39 442.03 443.0 51 317 403.14 404.0 56 318 443.03 444.0 46 380 442.14 443.2 51 377 420.15 421.2 34 378 460.04 461.0 30 386 414.10 415.2 37 383 392.12 393.2 30 384 432.01 433.0 29 395 458.11 459.2 23 392 436.13 437.2 15 393 476.02 477.0 15 401 430.08 431.2 50 398 408.10 409.2 20 399 447.99 449.0 7

TABLE 44 Recovery Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ (overall) % 544 476.18 377.2 62 50 418.14 419.2 42 459 382.08 383.2 65 402 436.04 437.2 50 1 388.12 389.0 38 161 456.05 457.0 54 81 402.14 403.3 57 154 444.13 445.0 32 160 408.10 409.0 72 159 421.15 422.2 84 148 482.17 483.5 64 149 453.15 454.5 71 155 459.11 460.0 64 150 453.15 454.2 36 151 487.11 488.1 62 153 460.10 461.0 69 152 454.15 455.0 62 64 430.08 431.2 85 455 410.11 411.2 17 596 430.14 431.2 56 539 418.17 419.2 20 349 436.10 437.1 50 352 458.09 459.2 74 168 470.06 471.1 57 355 504.02 505.0 26 174 492.05 493.0 89 358 526.01 527.1 38

TABLE 45 Recovery Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ (overall) % 324 493.04 494.2 32 320 431.08 432.1 15 147 466.17 467.2 72 616 490.16 491.2 22 805 382.17 383.2 52 804 368.16 369.2 56 66 438.14 440.2 54 592 430.14 432.3 5 811 380.16 382.2 72 582 436.06 437.1 59 580 436.06 437.1 59 584 480.03 483.1 37 583 480.03 483.0 52 578 420.09 421.2 30 574 416.12 417.2 39 595 452.12 453.2 22 594 478.14 479.1 23 588 432.11 433.1 65 587 432.11 433.2 48 586 432.11 433.1 50 590 427.10 428.2 24 589 427.10 428.3 17

Example 3 Preparation of Compound No. 547

Triethylamine (276 μl, 1.98 mmol) and 2-(bromoethyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester (538 mg, 1.99 mmol) were added to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-thiol (236 mg, 1.32 mmol) in 2 ml of dimethylformamide, which was then stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. After the reaction was complete, water was added, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying the ethyl acetate phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to obtain 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester (288 mg, yield 59%).

2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester (30 mg, 0.082 mmol) was dissolved in 3 ml of chloroform, to which triethylamine (17 μl, 0.123 mmol) and benzoyl chloride (14 μl, 0.123 mmol) were sequentially added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, water was added, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying the ethyl acetate phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and 2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(phenylcarbonyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester was obtained (38 mg, yield quantitative).

2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(phenylcarbonyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester was dissolved in 1 ml of dichloromethane, to which trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and dried overnight to obtain the title compound (33 mg, yield quantitative).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M 416.12; found (M+H)⁺=417.0.

Example 4 Preparation of Compound No. 561

The title compound was obtained in a similar manner to working Example 3.

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=452.09; found (M+H)⁺=453.2.

Reference Example 4 Preparation of 3-(naphthylmethyl imidazolo(5,4-b)pyridine-2-thiol

To 2-amino-3-nitropyridine (1680 mg, 12 mmol) in a dimethylformamide (20 ml), sodium hydride (75 mg, 0.55 mmol) and 1-chloromethylnaphthalene (74 μl, 0.55 mmol) were added. After the resulting solution was stirred at 80° C. for 17 hours, water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl ether. After drying the ethyl ether phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain of naphthylmethyl(3-nitro(2-pyridil))amine (903 mg, yield 27%).

To naphthylmethyl(3-nitro(2-pyridil))amine (900 mg, 3.2 mmol) in ethanol (40 ml), 90.0 mg of 10% Pd—C was added. After the resulting solution was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere at 50° C. for 8 hours, it was filtered through celite to remove Pd—C. The resulting solution was concentrated to obtain (3-amino(2-pyridil))naphthylmethylamine (860 mg, yield 99%). To the resulting (3-amino(2-pyridil))naphthylmethylamine (860 mg, 3.2 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml), carbon disulfide (6.1 ml, 102 mmol) was added. After the resulting solution was heated to reflux under stirring for 12 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 hours. The precipitate that deposited was filtered, and was washed three times with ethanol (5 ml). It was dried at 80° C. under reduced pressure for 5 hours to obtain the title compound (555 mg, yield 56%)

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=291.08; found (M+H)⁺=292.3.

Reference Example 5 Preparation of 3-((2,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)imidazolo(5,4-b)pyridine-2-thiol

The title compound was synthesized in a similar manner to Reference Example 4.

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=269.01; found (M+H)⁺=270.2.

Example 5 Preparation of Compound No. 256

Using 3-(naphthylmethyl)imidazolo(5,4-b)pyridine-2-thiol (30 mg, 0.1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 4 in a similar manner to Reference Example 2, 2-((3-(naphthylmethyl)imidazolo(5,4-b)pyridine-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester was obtained (30 mg, yield 70%).

The 2-((3-(naphthylmethyl)imidazolo(5,4-b)pyridine-2-thio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (30 mg, 0.068 mmol) thus obtained was subjected to hydrolysis in a similar manner to Example 1 to obtain the title compound (18.3 mg, yield 66%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=425.12; found (M+H)⁺=426.1.

Example 6

The compounds in Table 46 were synthesized using the compounds obtained in Reference Examples 4 and 5 and various halide ester derivatives in a similar manner to Example 5.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS. TABLE 46 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 253 403.14 407.2 67 327 404.13 423.2 46 329 426.12 418.2 58 361 437.10 438.0 52 364 459.08 460.0 66

TABLE 47 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 321 428.13 429.2 27 354 461.10 462.2 20 460 379.14 380.2 19

TABLE 48 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 52 493.15 494.2 12 53 493.15 494.2 11

Example 7 Preparation of Compound No. 264

4-methyl-2-nitroaniline (913 mg, 6 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (18 ml), to which anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid (1.00 ml, 7.2 mmol) was added and the mixture was subjected to reflux for 1.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain 4-methyl-2-nitro trifluoroacetanilide (1.396 g, yield 94%).

4-methyl-2-nitro trifluoroacetanilide (1.396 g, 5.63 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (14 ml), and then potassium carbonate (940 mg, 6.80 mmol) and 1-chloromethylnaphthalene (1.15 g, 6.51 mmol) were sequentially added at room temperature and heated to 100° C. After 1 hour and 40 minutes, 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (7.5 ml) was added and refluxed as it was for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes, it was cooled to room temperature, and water (180 ml) was added and stored at 4° C. overnight. The crystals that deposited were filtered and were dried to obtain ((1-naphthyl)methyl)(4-methyl-2-nitro-phenyl)amine (1.587 g, yield 96%).

To (1-naphthyl)methyl)(4-methyl-2-nitro-phenyl)amine (1.0021 g, 3.43 mmol), ethanol (5 ml) and 1,4-dioxane (5 ml) were added, and 2.058 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1 ml) was further added, and refluxed in an oil bath. After 15 minutes, it was removed from the oil bath, and zinc powder (897 mg, 13.72 mmol) was fed thereto in portions. Then it was refluxed again in the oil bath for 2 hours. After 2 hours, it was concentrated under reduced pressure, and dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), and washed twice with saturated saline (25 ml). After drying with magnesium sulfate, it was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain a brown oil of ((1-naphthyl)methyl)(2-amino-4-methyl-phenyl)amine (943.1 mg).

Subsequently, ((1-naphthyl)methyl)(2-amino-4-methyl-phenyl)amine (943.1 mg, 3.59 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (6.4 ml), to which carbon bisulfide (7 ml, 116 mmol) was added, and then refluxed. After 10 hours, it was returned to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethanol (2 ml) was added to the residue, which was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and was further stirred on ice for 30 minutes. The resulting crystals were filtered, and dried to obtain 1-((1-naphthyl)methyl)-6-methyl-benzimidazole-2-thiol (459.1 mg, yield 44%, 2 steps).

1-((1-naphthyl)methyl)-6-methyl-benzimidazole-2-thiol (431.1 mg, 1.42 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (12 ml), to which triethylamine (0.296 ml, 2.12 mmol) and 2-bromomethyl benzoic acid methyl ester (390.1 mg, 1.70 mmol) were added and heated to 80° C. After 5 hours and 50 minutes, triethylamine (0.296 ml, 2.12 mmol) and 2-bromomethyl benzoic acid methyl ester (325 mg, 1.42 mmol) were added, and heated for 1 hour and 10 minutes. Thereafter, it was concentrated under reduced pressure, and dissolved in ethyl acetate (80 ml), washed twice with water (30 ml), and dried in magnesium sulfate. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallized in ethyl acetate-hexane to obtain 410 mg, and the mother liquor was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=6:1) to recover 87 mg of the same fraction as the crystals, with a total of 497 mg of 2-((1-((1-naphthyl)methyl)-6-methyl-benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (yield 78%).

2-((1-((1-naphthyl)methyl)-6-methyl-benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (497 mg, 1.098 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (10 ml), to which 4N aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (6.86 ml) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours and 30 minutes, saturated aqueous citric acid solution (10 ml) was added thereto to stop the reaction, and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to reduce the amount of the solvent to about ⅓, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (80 ml) and washed five times with water (20 ml). After concentrating the organic layer under reduced pressure, acetonitrile (10 ml) was added to the residue, which was again concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting crystals were filtered off and dried to obtain the title compound (439.1 mg, yield 91%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=438.14; found (M+H)⁺=439.3.

Example 8 Preparation of Compound No. 272

In a similar method to Working Example 7, the title compound was obtained.

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=454.14; found (M+H)⁺=455.3.

Example 9 Preparation of Compound No. 65

2-nitroaniline (829 mg, 6 mmol) and 1-methylindole carboxaldehyde (1242 mg, 7.8 mmol) were dissolved in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, to which acetic acid (200 μl) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (5087 mg, 24 mmol) were sequentially added and stirred at room temperature overnight. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. After purification by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=95:5), ((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)(2-nitrophenyl)amine was obtained (264 mg, yield 18%).

((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)(2-aminophenyl)amine (264 mg, 0.939 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml), and Pd—C (50 mg, 10% Pd, 0.047 mmol) was added thereto, and stirred in hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction was complete, Pd—C was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to obtain ((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)(2-aminophenyl)amine (212 mg, yield 90%).

((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)(2-aminophenyl)amine (212 mg, 0.845 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (1 ml), and carbon bisulfide (1 ml, 16.9 mmol) was added thereto. The mixture was refluxed in nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. After the solvent was evaporated, it was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to obtain ((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-thiol (96 mg, yield 39%).

Sodium hydride (12 mg, 0.342 mmol) and dimethylformamide (2 ml) were added to a previously dried reaction vessel. To the mixture were added ((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-thiol (50 mg, 0.171 mmol) and 2-bromomethyl benzoic acid methyl ester (59 mg, 0.257 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 hour. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After the ethyl acetate phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=2:1) to obtain 2-((1-((-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (54 mg, yield 74%).

To 2-((1-((1-methylindole-3-yl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (54 mg, 0.122 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) and methanol (1 ml), 4N aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (0.5 ml) was added. After, stirring at room temperature overnight, 6N hydrochloric acid was added to stop the reaction, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After washing the ethyl acetate phase with saturated saline, it was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (48 mg, yield 92%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=427.14; found (M+H)⁺=428.2.

Example 10

The compounds in the above Table 47 were synthesized using various halide ester derivatives in a similar manner to Working Example 9. The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Example 11 Preparation of compound No. 51

Sodium hydride (104 mg, 2.86 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (16 ml) were added to a previously dried reaction vessel. To the mixture were added 2-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (428 mg, 1.43 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)benzoic acid t-butyl ester (466 mg, 3.46 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 50 minutes. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After the ethyl acetate phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane ethyl acetate=3:1) to obtain 2-((1-((2-((t-butyl)oxycarbonyl)phenyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (495 mg, yield 71%).

To 2-((1-((2-((t-butyl)oxycarbonyl)phenyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (248 mg, 0.51 mmol), 4N hydrochloric acid in dioxane (1.28 ml, 5.1 mmol) was added, and stirred at room temperature overnight. After the solvent was evaporated, it was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 2-((2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)methyl)benzoic acid (220 mg, yield quantitative).

2-((2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)methyl)benzoic acid (180 mg, 0.42 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (6 ml), to which HOBT (68 mg, 0.504 mmol), aniline (46 μl, 0.504 mmol), t-butanol (1.2 ml) and EDCI (97 mg, 0.504 mmol) were sequentially added and stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with dichloromethane. After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated. It was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to obtain 2-((1-((2-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (86 mg, yield 40%).

To the thus obtained 2-((1-((2-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (86 mg, 0.169 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) and methanol (1 ml), 4N aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (0.5 ml) was added, and stirred at 60° C. for about 2 hours. 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was added to stop the reaction, which was extracted with ethyl acetate. After washing the ethyl acetate phase with saturated saline, it was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (83 mg, yield quantitative).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=493.15; found (M+H)⁺=494.2.

Example 12

In a similar method to Working Example 11, the compounds shown in the above Table 48 were obtained using various benzoic acid ester derivatives.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Example 13 Preparation of Compound No. 619

Sodium hydride (400 mg, 10.0 mmol) and dimethylformamide (30 ml) were added to a previously dried reaction vessel. To the mixture were added 2-(benzimidazole-2-ylthiomethyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (1500 mg, 5.0 mmol) and bromoacetate t-butyl ester (1463 mg, 7.5 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ether. After the ether phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain 2-(2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)acetic acid t-butyl ester (1298 mg, yield 63%).

To 2-(2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)acetic acid t-butyl ester (1290 mg, 3.13 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml) was added, and stirred at room temperature overnight. After the solvent was evaporated, it was dried under reduced pressure to obtain 2-(2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)acetic acid (715 mg, yield 64%).

2-(2-((2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methylthio)benzimidazolyl)acetic acid (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (3 ml), to which aniline (11.2 mg, 0.12 mmol) and EDCI (23 mg, 0.12 mmol) were added, and then the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was filtered, the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane ethyl acetate=3:2) to obtain 2-((1-((N-phenylcarbamoyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (27.5 mg, yield 64%).

2-((1-((N-phenylcarbamoyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (20 mg, 0.046 mmol) thus obtained was subjected to hydrolysis as in Working Example 1 to obtain the title compound (6.9 mg, yield 36%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=417.11; found (M+H)⁺=418.0.

Example 14

In a similar method to Example 13, the compounds shown in the above Table 49 were obtained using various aniline derivatives.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS. TABLE 49 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 622 431.13 432.3 5 621 431.13 432.3 5 620 431.13 432.3 21 637 447.13 448.2 13 636 117.13 448.1 23 635 447.13 448.3 44 642 442.11 443.2 27 657 467.13 488.1 19

TABLE 50 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 765 457.15 458.2 5 767 457.15 458.2 32

TABLE 51 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 866 434.13 435.2 76 869 456.11 457.3 83 904 468.09 469.1 52 937 436.15 437.2 61

TABLE 52 Compound No. Calculated M Found (M + H)⁺ Yield (Overall) % 953 476.18 477.2 36 985 428.18 429.2 67 977 400.15 401.4 2

Reference Example 6 Preparation of 2-((1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)]methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester

To 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (326 mg, 1 mmol) obtained in Reference Example 2 in dimethylformamide, potassium carbonate (207 mg, 1.5 mmol) and 2-bromoethanol (150 mg, 1.2 mmol) were added, and the resulting solution was stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, it was extracted with ether and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by a flash column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1) to obtain the title compound (248 mg, yield 67%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=370.14; found (M+H)⁺=371.2.

Example 15 Preparation of Compound No. 736

To 2-((1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (45 mg, 0.23 mmol) in N-methylmorpholine (3 ml), Pph₃ (62 mg, 0.24 mmol) and DEAD (10.6 ml, 40% in toluene, 0.24 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 10 minutes, phenol (11.3 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added thereto, which was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by thin layer chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to obtain 2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (44 mg, yield 81%).

Using 2-((5,6-dimethyl-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)benzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (35 mg, 0.078 mmol) in a similar method to Example 1, a hydrolysis reaction was carried out to obtain the title compound (31 mg, yield 94%). The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=432.15; found (M+H)⁺=433.2.

Example 16

In a similar method to Example 15, the compounds shown in the above Table 50 were obtained using various phenol derivatives.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Example 17 Preparation of Compound No. 825

To an ester (33 mg, 0.075 mmol) of compound No. 68 obtained in Example 2 in dichloromethane, 50 to 60% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (26 mg, 0.083 mmol) was added while cooling on ice. After the resulting solution was stirred on ice for 2 hours, a saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was poured and the solution obtained was extracted with chloroform. After washing the chloroform phase with water, it was concentrated and the residue was purified by thin layer chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=1:1) to obtain 2-(((5,6-dimethyl-1-(1-naphthylmethyl)benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfinyl)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (7.1 mg, yield 21%).

In a manner similar to Example 1, this was subjected to hydrolysis to obtain the title compound (5.2 mg, yield 76%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=440.12; found (M+H)⁺=441.3.

Example 18 Preparation of Compound No. 869

To an ester (39 mg, 0.094 mmol) of compound No. 37 obtained in Example 2 in dichloromethane (5 ml), 50 to 60% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (64 mg, 0.374 mmol) was added while cooling on ice. After the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, a saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was poured and the solution obtained was extracted with chloroform. After washing the chloroform phase with water, it was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash layer chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to obtain 2-(((1-((2,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfonyl)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (37 mg, yield 87%).

In a manner similar to Example 1, 2-(((1-((2,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfonyl)methyl)benzoic acid methyl ester (64 mg, 0.14 mmol) was subjected to hydrolysis to obtain the title compound (53 mg, yield 87%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=434.13; measured (M+H)⁺=435.2.

Example 19

In a manner similar to Example 18, the compounds shown in the above Table 51 were synthesized using the esters of the compounds obtained in Working Example 2.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Example 20 Preparation of Compound No. 952

To 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-thiol (713 mg, 4 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml), triethylamine (836 μl, 6 mmol) and 2-bromomethylbenzonitrile (1176 mg, 6 mmol) were added. After stirring at 80° C. overnight, water was added to the mixture, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After the ethyl acetate phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:2) to obtain 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzenecarbonitrile (1159 mg, yield 99%).

Sodium hydride (178 mg, 4.90 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) were added to a previously dried reaction vessel. To the mixture were added 2-((5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzenecarbonitrile (719 mg, 2.45 mmol) and 2,5-dichlorobenzyl chloride (543 μl, 4.90 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 40 minutes. Water was added thereto, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. After the ethyl acetate phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=3:1) to obtain 2-((1-((2,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzenecarbonitrile (370 mg, yield 37%).

2-((1-((2,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylthio)methyl)benzenecarbonitrile (165 mg, 0.401 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (3 ml), to which Me₃SnN₃ (124 mg, 0.602 mmol) was added, and refluxed in nitrogen atmosphere overnight. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was purifed by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane:methanol=19:1) to obtain the title compound (75 mg, yield 41%).

The compound was confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Calculated M=454.19; found (M+H)⁺=455.2.

Example 21

In a manner similar to Example 20, the compounds shown in the above Table 52 were obtained.

The compounds were confirmed by identification of molecular weight using LC-MS.

Example 22 Preparation of Recombinant Human Mast Cell Chymase

Recombinant pro-type human mast cell chymase was prepared according to the method reported by Urada et al. (Journal of Biological Chemistry 266: 17173, 1991). Thus, a culture supernatant of the insect cell (Tn5) infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing cDNA encoding human mast cell chymase was purified by heparin Sepharose (Pharmacia). After it was further activated by the method reported by Murakami et al. (Journal of Biological Chemistry 270: 2218, 1995), it was purified with heparin Sepharose to obtain an activated human mast cell chymase.

Example 23 Determination of the Activity of Inhibiting Recombinant Human Mast Cell Chymase

After a DMSO solution (2 μl) containing the compound of the present invention was added to 50 μl of buffer A (0.5-3.0 M NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) containing 1-5 ng of the activated human mast cell chymase obtained in working Example 22, 50 μl of buffer A containing, as a substrate, 0.5 mM succinyl-alanyl-histidyl-prolyl-phenylalanylparanitroanilide (Bacchem) was added thereto and the mixture was allowed to react at room temperature for 5 minutes. Changes in absorbance at 405 nm with time were measured to evaluate the inhibitory activity.

As a result, IC50=not smaller than 1 nM and less than 10 nM was observed in compounds No. 63, 64, 65, 143, 174, 256, 264, 272, 311, 354, 319, 349, 358, 395, 401, and 402, and IC50=not smaller than 10 nM and not greater than 100 nM was observed in compounds No. 37, 50, 84, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 130, 147, 168, 256, 320, 321, 324, 352, 355, 364, 380, 392, 398, 444, 455, 459, 460, 506, 863, 866, and 869.

As hereinabove described, the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention exhibit a potent chymase inhibitory activity. Thus, it was revealed that the benzimidazole derivatives of the present invention are clinically applicable inhibitory substances for human chymase activity and can be used for prevention and/or therapy of various diseases in which human chymase is involved.

Example 24 Manufacture of Tablets

Tablets comprising, per tablet, the following were manufactured: Compound (No. 37) 50 mg Lactose 230 mg  Potato starch 80 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone 11 mg Magnesium stearate  5 mg

The compound of the present invention (the compound in Working Example 2), lactose and potato starch were mixed, and the mixture was evenly soaked in 20% polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol. The mixture was filtered through a 20 nm mesh, dried at 45° C., and filtered again through a 15 nm mesh. Granules thus obtained were mixed with magnesium stearate and were compressed into tablets.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The thiobenzimidazole derivatives of the present invention and the medically acceptable salts thereof exhibit a potent activity of inhibiting human chymase. Thus, said thiobenzimidazole derivatives and the medically acceptable salts thereof can be used, as a human chymase inhibitor, as clinically applicable preventive and/or therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, diseases of respiratory organs, diseases of circulatory organs, or diseases of bone/cartilage metabolism. 

1. A method for inhibiting human chymase by administering to a human subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a thiobenzimidazole compound represented by the following formula (1) or a medically acceptable salt thereof as the active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier:

wherein, R¹ and R² simultaneously or respectively independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, or R¹ and R² together represent —O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— in this case, the carbon atoms may be substituted with one or a plurality of methyl groups, ethyl groups, (n- or i-)propyl groups or (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl groups; A represents a single bond, a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, substituted or non-substituted phenylene group, indenylene group or naphthylene group, substituted or non-substituted pyridylene group, furanylene group, thiophenylene group, pyrimidylene group, benzophenylene group, benzimidazolene group, quinolylene group, indolene group or benzothiazolene group and substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, in this case, substitution groups may be acetal-bonded at mutually adjacent sites, methylthio group, ethylthio group, (n- or i-)propylthio group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylthio, methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, (n- or i-)propylsulfonyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylsulfonyl group, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, (n- or i-)propylcarbonyl group, acetylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, (n- or i-) propylcarbonylamino group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylcarbonylamino group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group, and one or a plurality of these may be respectively and independently substituted at an arbitrary location of a ring or alkylene group; E represents COOR³, SO₃R³, CONHR³, SO₂NHR³, a tetrazole group, 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole group or 5-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazole group wherein, R³ represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group or (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group; G represents a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-) propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, and one or a plurality of O, S, SO₂ or NR³ may be intermediately contained therein, wherein R³ is the same as previously defined, and substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group or oxo group; m represents an integer of 0-2; when m is 0 and A is a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, J represents a substituted or non-substituted (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, (n-, i-, ne- or t-)pentyl group, cyclohexyl group, indenyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group substituted naphthyl group, when m is 0 and A is a substituted or non-substituted phenylene group, indenylene group or naphthylene group, or a substituted or non-substituted pyridylene group, furanylene group, thiophenylene group, pyrimidylene group, benzophenylene group, benzimidazolene group, quinolylene group, indolene group or benzothiazolene group, J represents a substituted or non-substituted cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group; when m is 0 and A is a single bond or when m is 1 or 2, J represents a substituted or non-substituted-cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group; substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, methylthio group, ethylthio group, (n- or i-)propylthio group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylthio group, methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, (n- or i-)propylsulfonyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylsulfonyl group, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, (n- or i-)propylcarbonyl group, acetylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, (n- or i-) propylcarbonylamino group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylcarbonylamino group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group, and one or a plurality of these may be respectively and independently substituted at an arbitrary location of a ring or alkyl group; and, X represents CH or a nitrogen atom.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the formula (1), m is 0, A is a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, and J is a substituted or non-substituted furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group.
 3. A method for treating an allergic disease, bronchial asthma, cardiovascular disease selected from the group consisting of sclerosing vascular lesions, peripheral circulation disorders, renal insufficiency and cardiac insufficiency, and bone/cartilage metabolic diseases selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by administering to a human subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a thiobenzimidazole compound of the following formula (1) or a medically acceptable salt thereof as the active ingredient:

wherein, R¹ and R² simultaneously or respectively independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, cyano group, hydroxyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, or R¹ and R² together represent —O—CH₂—O—, —O—CH₂—CH₂—O— or —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— in this case, the carbon atoms may be substituted with one or a plurality of methyl groups, ethyl groups, (n- or i-)propyl groups or (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl groups; A represents a single bond, a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, substituted or non-substituted phenylene group, indenylene group or naphthylene group, substituted or non-substituted pyridylene group, furanylene group, thiophenylene group, pyrimidylene group, benzophenylene group, benzimidazolene group, quinolylene group, indolene group or benzothiazolene group and substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, in this case, substitution groups may be acetal-bonded at mutually adjacent sites, methylthio group, ethylthio group, (n- or i-)propylthio group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylthio, methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, (n- or i-)propylsulfonyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylsulfonyl group, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, (n- or i-)propylcarbonyl group, acetylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, (n- or i-) propylcarbonylamino group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylcarbonylamino group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group, and one or a plurality of these may be respectively and independently substituted at an arbitrary location of a ring or alkylene group; E represents COOR³, SO₃R³, CONHR³, SO₂NHR³, a tetrazole group, 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole group or 5-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazole group wherein, R³ represents a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group or (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group; G represents a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-) propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, and one or a plurality of O, S, SO₂ or NR³ may be intermediately contained therein, wherein R³ is the same as previously defined, and substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group, (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group or oxo group; m represents an integer of 0-2; when m is 0 and A is a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, J represents a substituted or non-substituted (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, (n-, i-, ne- or t-)pentyl group, cyclohexyl group, indenyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group substituted naphthyl group, when m is 0 and A is a substituted or non-substituted phenylene group, indenylene group or naphthylene group, or a substituted or non-substituted pyridylene group, furanylene group, thiophenylene group, pyrimidylene group, benzophenylene group, benzimidazolene group, quinolylene group, indolene group or benzothiazolene group, J represents a substituted or non-substituted cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group; when m is 0 and A is a single bond or when m is 1 or 2, J represents a substituted or non-substituted-cyclohexyl group, phenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group; substitution groups here are represented by a halogen atom, OH, NO₂, CN, methyl group, ethyl group (n- or i-)propyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyl group, methoxy group, ethoxy group, (n- or i-)propyloxy group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butyloxy group, methylthio group, ethylthio group, (n- or i-)propylthio group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylthio group, methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, (n- or i-)propylsulfonyl group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylsulfonyl group, acetyl group, ethylcarbonyl group, (n- or i-)propylcarbonyl group, acetylamino group, ethylcarbonylamino group, (n- or i-) propylcarbonylamino group, (n-, i-, s- or t-)butylcarbonylamino group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group, and one or a plurality of these may be respectively and independently substituted at an arbitrary location of a ring or alkyl group; and, X represents CH or a nitrogen atom.
 4. the method of claim 34, wherein in the formula (1), m is 0, A is a substituted or non-substituted methylene group, ethylene group, (n- or i-)propylene group or (n-, i- or t-)butylene group, and J is a substituted or non-substituted furanyl group, thiophenyl group, pyrimidyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzimidazolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalyl group, benzooxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, indolyl group, N-methylindolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzothiophenyl group or benzoisooxazolyl group. 